Everything about Spectator Ion totally explained
A
spectator ion is an
ion that exists as a
reactant and a
product in a
chemical equation. Spectator ions can be observed in the reaction of
aqueous solutions of
sodium chloride and
copper (II) sulfate:
» 2Na
+(aq) + 2Cl
−(aq) + Cu
2+(aq) + SO
42−(aq) → 2Na
+(aq) + SO
42−(aq) + CuCl
2 (s)
The Na
+ and SO
42− ions are spectator ions since they remain unchanged on both sides of the equation. They simply "watch" the other ions react, hence the name. They are present in total ionic equations to balance the charges of the ions. In
reaction stoichiometry, spectator ions are removed from a complete ionic equation to form a net ionic equation. For the above example this yields:
So:
2Na+(aq) + 2Cl
−(aq) + Cu
2+(aq) +
SO42−(aq) →
2Na+(aq) +
SO42−(aq) + CuCl
2 (s) (Where
x = Spectator ion)
» = 2Cl
−(aq) + Cu
2+(aq) → CuCl
2 (s)
Spectator ions concentration only affect Debye length. In contrast
potential-determining ions, whose concentrations affect surface potential (by surface chemical reactions) as well the Debye length.
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